367.２時間ぐらいで戻る予定です。

　　预订约两个小时后回来。

　　368.後「のち」ほどかけ直します。

　　过一会我再打来。

　　369.２８０３８６８番「にはちぜろさんはちろくはちばん」の陳までお電話をくださるようお伝え下さい。

　　请您转告他给我回电话，我的电话号码是2803868.

　　370.メッセージをお願いできますか。职称英语考试

　　能否请您转告他一下？

　　371.急ぎますので、すぐお電話くださるようお伝え下さい。

　　因事情很急，请他立即给我回电话。

　　372.おそれいりますが、そのようなものは当社にはおりません。お間違いではないでしょうか。

　　对不起，我们这里没有这个人。您是否打错了？

　　373.もしもし、田中さんのお宅ですか。

　　喂，这是田中先生家吗？

　　374.もう少しゆっくり、お願します。

　　请您慢点儿说。

　　375.何か急用がありましたら伝えておきますが。

　　如果您有急事的话，我可以替您转达。

　　376.このホテルの電話はどうかけたらいいのですか。

　　这个宾馆的电话怎么打？

　　明天想要一辆车，在哪儿预约？

　　357.一日貸し切りでしたら、いくらぐらいですか

　　包租一天多少钱？

　　358.座席を二人分予約したいのです。

　　我想订两个座位。

　　359.貸し切り時間が朝の８時から午後の６時までで、八百元です。

　　包租时间从上午八点到下午六点为八百元。

　　360.ジェトロ（ＪＥＴＲＯ）です。何番にお掛けですか这里是日本贸易振兴会。您要接哪里？

　　361.どちらさまでしょうか。

　　请问您是哪位？

　　362.もしもし、私は陳華「ちんか」と申します。海外部の大沢さん、お願します。

　　喂，我是陈华，我请国际部大泽先生听电话。

　　363.恐れ入りますが、どちらの陳さんでしょうか真对不起，您是哪里的陈先生？

　　364.申し訳有りませんが、大沢は席を外しておりますが。

　　对不起，大泽先生现在不在。

　　365.大沢は外出しておりますが。

　　大泽先生外出了

　　有什么特殊理由吗？

　　296.そんなことは言い訳ですよ。

　　那是借口！

　　297.君は無断欠勤というわけですね。

　　这么说你是没请假不上班的。

　　298.君は一体、なにしてんですか。

　　你究竟干些什么？www.zcyy8.com

　　299.他人の迷惑も考えてください。

　　请你也考虑考虑别人。

　　300.とにかく、警告はしました。

　　我先给你个警告。

    351.費用はどういうふうに支払われますか。
　　请问费用如何结算？

　　352.トラベラーズ？チェックは利用出来ますか。

　　可以用旅行支票吗？

　　353.費用が現金で支払っていただきます。

　　费用请用现金支付。

　　354.申し訳ございませんが、ここでは人民元しかご使用になれません。

　　对不起，我们这里只收人民币。

　　355.予定時間六時間以内に手続きをされなかった場合、キャンセルになりますから、ご了承ください。

　　如果您在预订入住时间后6小时仍未办手续，我们将取消预订。请多包涵。

　　让您这样挂念，真过意不去。

　　287.主人は帰って、何と申しますか分かりませんが、お預りさせていただきます。

　　我丈夫回来，不知会说什么，我先收下。

　　288.お珍しいものをいただき、有難うございました。

　　收到这么稀有的礼物，真是太谢谢了。

　　289.この前、ご馳走様でした。これ、出来立てのクッキー、私が作ったのです。御礼とは言えないですけど、よかったら、どうぞ。

　　前几天多谢盛情款待。这个，刚做好的曲奇饼，我做的，谈不上回礼，请您品尝品尝。

　　290.お口に合わないかもしれませんが。

　　也许不合您的口味。

　　291.これは拙作ですが、どうぞ読んでください。

　　这是本人的拙作，请赐教。

　　292.すみませんが、車内は禁煙になっております、タバコはご遠慮いただけますか。

　　对不起，车内禁烟，能不能请您把烟灭掉？

　　293.どうぞ、ご理解下さい。

　　请给予理解。

　　294.どうして、また遅刻したのですか。

　　怎么又迟到了？

1	C	2	D	3	D	4	A	5	D	6	D	7	C
8	C	9	B	10	C	11	D	12	C	13	C	14	C
15	D	16	C	17	B	18	A	19	A	20	B	21	C
22	A	23	B	24	A	25	D	26	E	27	C	28	D
29	B	30	E	31	B	32	A	33	D	34	A	35	C
36	C	37	B	38	D	39	B	40	D	41	C	42	B
43	D	44	B	45	C	46	C	47	E	48	B	49	F
50	D	51	D	52	C	53	A	54	B	55	B	56	A
57	C	58	C	59	A	60	B	61	B	62	A	63	D
64	C	65	A

　　On the Net Friends Come and Go, Talking of...

　　The young woman was visibly 51    and clearly wanted to get something off her chest.

　　"What's up?" I  52___.

　　"I've just been defriended," she said.职称英语

　　Now "defriended" is a word _53    I am not familiar. I have been befriended 54    and befriended- many people since arriving in Beijing. But defriended ?

　　It turns 55   this is a new word created by the Internet-savvy younger generation specifically in relation to the worldwide social networking phenomenon, Facebook.

　　Those who join can invite friends to become members of the site,56. They can then share photographs, "chat", swap messages and observations and perform a host of other mutually accessible applications.

　　I've seen some people's sites _57.__ hundreds of friends, all moments away down a fiber optic Cable, providing they are logged on to their computers or hooked up to a high-spec cell phone.

　　It creates the possibility of "befriending" anyone in the world who has online access. Currently, Facebook has 150 million users. That means there's a lot of "friends" out there.

　　The   58    is that you can be "defriended" - you can be denied access to the Facebook site someone who had previously invited to be his or her friend. And you can do it without the potential for instant recrimination.

　　Where once, in the school playground, one child might have petulantly shouted   59    another, "I'm not going to be your friend any more", now the same hurt and loss of face can be performed remotely with the click of a button.

　　A   60   aspect of " defriending" is that, unlike with other applications such as the "what are you thinking about?" posting a digital depository of the often dire,    61   , dull and desperate, no message is sent out alerting you or your contacts about the change in status. You only find out you have    62   when you try to visit a "friend's" site, and you find you can no longer get in. the delay of the discovery is all too often doubly hurtful.

　　Just as bombs are dispatched impersonally __63    an unseen enemy in modem warfare,    64   relationships are blown out of the window with the same callous disregard, without the risk of any face-to-face comeback. One second you are there,    65   you are deleted.

　　51.  A) satisfied          B) friendly           C) moved        D) upset

　　52.  A) complained        B) explained         C) inquired       D) argued

　　53.  A)with which         B) in which          C) which         D) that ,

　　54.  A) on               B) by               C) with          D) in

　　55.  A) about             B) out               C) around        D) in

　　56.  A) too               B) either             C) yet           D) neither

　　57.  A) exaggerating       B) overstating         C) boasting       D) showing off

　　58.  A) benefit            B) advantage         C) downside      D) merit

　　59.  A) at                B) in                C) on            D) farward

　　60. A) neutral            B) controversial       C) astonishing     D) remarkable

　　61. A) exciting           B) dreary            C) cheerful       D) bright

　　62. A) been dumped      B) dumped            C) being dumped   D) dumping

　　63. A) forward          B) for               C) into           D) against

　　64. A) and              B) since              C) so             D) but

　　65. A) the next          B) the last            C) the first        D) a next

　　False Fear of Big Fish

　　Many people believe sharks（鲨鱼）are dangerous and will always try to hurt or even kill  humans. ____46____

　　A shark exhibition at the National Aquarium（水族馆）in Baltimore，US，proves this.  Visitors can touch young sharks, see their eggs develop and watch a dozen different species  swim smoothly around a huge tank.

　　Most people fail to realize that shark attacks don't happen very often. Humans are more  likely to be killed by lightning than by a shark.. ____47____ There, kids can learn, from an early  age, not to fear sharks.

　　"People fear what they don't know. " said Nancy Hotchkiss, an organizer of the exhibition. "Sharks have been around for 400 million years and play an important role in the ocean's food chain. We want people to discover that sharks are amazing animals that need our respect and protection."

　　____48____ A study, published in January in the US magazine, Science, found that almost all recorded shark species have fallen by half in the past 8 to 15 years.

　　Thousands of sharks are hunted in Asia for special foods, such as shark fin（鱼翅）soup. And many others get caught in nets, while fishermen are hunting other fish. ____49____

　　"Some fishing methods are actually cleaning out the ocean for sharks." said Dave Schofield, the manager of the aquarium's ocean health programme. ____50____

　　A  They can watch them develop inside their eggs and feel the skin of the older swimmers.

　　B  A shocking 100 million sharks are killed every year around the world by humans.

　　C  In fact, 94 percent of the world's 400 species are harmless to humans.

　　D  It is a worrying Situation and some areas have put measures in place to protect these special fish.

　　E  And to make this point clear, the museum has set up a special touching pool for children.

　　F  More than half of the sharks caught are smaller than I metre long.

　　第一篇                        Harmless Revenge

　　Revenge is one of those things that everyone enjoys. People don’t like to talk about it, though. Just the same, there is nothing more satisfying or more rewarding than revenge. The purpose is not to harm your victims but to let them know that you are upset about something that they are doing to you. Careful plotting can provide you with relief from bothersome co-workers, gossiping friends, or nagging family members.

　　Coworkers who make comments about the fact that you are always fifteen minutes late for

　　work can be taken care of very simply. All you have to do is get up extra early one day. Before the sun comes up, drive to each coworker's house. Reach under the hood of your coworker's car and disconnect the center wire that leads to the distributor cap, the car will be unharmed, but it will not start, and your friends at work will all be late for work on the same day. If you're lucky, your boss might notice that you are the only one there and will give you a raise.

　　Gossiping friends at school are also perfect targets for a simple act of revenge. A way to trap either male or female friends is to leave phony messages on their lockers. If the friend that you want to get is male, leave a message that a certain girl would like him to stop by her house later that day. With any luck, her boyfriend will be there. The girl won’t know what's going on, and the victim will be so embarrassed that he probably won't leave his home for a month.

　　When Morn and Dad and your sisters and brothers really begin to annoy you, harmless revenge may be just the way to make them quiet down for a while. The dinner table is a likely place. Just before the meal begins, throw a handful of raisins into the food. Wait about five minutes and, after everyone has begun to eat, cover your mouth with your hand and begin to make odd noises. When they ask you what the matter is, point to a raisin and yell, "Bugs!" They dump their food in the disposal, jump into the car，and head for McDonald's. That night, you'll have your first quiet, peaceful meal in a long time.

　　A well-planned revenge does not have to hurt anyone. The object is simply to let other people know that they are beginning to bother you.

　　31  According to the passage, a harmless revenge is ________.

　　A  to amuse the victim

　　B  to react to those who bother you

　　C  to prevent one from disturbing others

　　D  to hurt nobody emotionally

　　32  As a harmless revenge, you might come first and get a raise by ________.

　　A  making your colleagues come late

　　B  getting up earlier than your colleagues

　　C  destroying your colleagues' cars

　　D  pleasing your boss

　　33  Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the second example? ________.

　　A  The girl received a phony message.

　　B  The victim was invited by the girl.

　　C  The girl managed to revenge the victim harmlessly.

　　D  The girl wasn't expecting the victim.

　　34  The family members dumped their food in the disposal because ________.

　　A  they thought their food had been spoiled

　　B  they wanted to eat out

　　C  they wanted to have a peaceful meal

　　D  they didn't like the food with raisins

　　35  The main topic of the passage is how to ________.

　　A  avoid nagging family members

　　B  silence gossiping friends

　　C  make a harmless revenge

　　D  deal with bothersome coworkers

　　Think of a modem city and the first image that come to mind is the skyline. It is full of great buildings, pointing like fingers to heaven. It is true that some cities don't permit buildings to go above a certain height. But these are cities concerned with the past. The first thing any city does when it wants to tell the world that it has arrived is to build skyscrapers.

　　When people gather together in cities, they create a demand for land. Since cities are places where money is made, that demand can be met. And the best way to make money out of city land is to put as many people as possible in a space that covers the smallest amount of ground. That means building upwards.

　　The technology existed to do this as early as the 19th century. But the height of buildings was limited by one important factor. They had to be small enough for people on the top floors to climb stairs. People could not be expected to climb a mountain at the end of their journey to work, or home.

　　Elisha Otis, a US inventor, was the man who brought us the lift-or elevator, as he preferred to call it. However, most of the technology is very old. Lifts work using the same pulley system the Egyptians used to create the Pyramids. What Otis did was attach the system to a steam engine and develop the elevator brake, which stops the lift falling if the cords that hold it up are broken. It was this that did the most to gain public confidence in the new invention. In fact, he spent a number of years exhibiting lifts at fairgrounds, giving people the chance to try them out before selling the idea to architects and builders.

　　A lift would not be a very good theme park attraction now. Going in a lift is such an everyday thing that it would just be boring. Yet psychologists and others who study human behavior find lifts fascinating. The reason is simple. Scientists have always studied animals in zoos. The nearest they can get to that with humans is in observing them in lifts.

　　"It breaks all the usual conventions about the bubble of personal space we carry around with us -- and you just can't choose to move away," says workplace psychologist, Gary Fitzgibbon. Being trapped in this setting can create different types of tensions, he says. Some people are scared of them. Others use them as an opportunity to get close to the boss. Some stand close to the door. Others hide in the comers. Most people try and shrink into the background. But some behave in a way that makes others notice them. There are a few people who just stand in a comer taking notes.

　　Don't worry about them. They are probably from a university.

　　36. "...these are cities concerned with the past" in the first paragraph refer to cities that

　　A) are worried about their past.

　　B) have a glorious past to be proud of.

　　C) want to maintain their traditional image.

　　D) are very interested in their own history.

　　37. The difficulty in constructing tall buildings in the 19th century lies in

　　A) the shortage of money.

　　B) the lack of a device to carry people upward.

　　C) backward technology.

　　D) mountains taking up land space.

　　38. When Otis came up with the idea of a lift,

　　A) he sold it to the architects and builders immediately

　　B) the Egyptians used it to build the Pyramids.

　　C) it was accepted favorably by the public.

　　D) most people had doubt about its safety.

　　39. Which of the following best describes the experience of going in a lift now?

　　A) Fascinating.

　　B) Uninteresting.

　　C) Frightening.

　　D) Exciting.

　　40. Psychologists find the lift a good place where they can study human behaviour because

　　A) here humans behave the way animals do.

　　B) people in a lift are all scared.

　　C) here some people take notes.

　　D) in a lift the bubble of personal space breaks.

　　Chinese and Japanese people view each other slightly more positively than last year, according to a survey released on Wednesday at a press conference in Beijing.

　　The survey is jointly sponsored by China Daily and Genron NPO, a Japanese think tank similar to the American Council on Foreign Relations. It also found overwhelming agreement in both countries that Sino-Japanese relations were important.

　　The survey is a part of the Beijing-Tokyo Forum, an annual gathering of senior government officials and representatives from Chinese and Japanese NGOs designed to improve communication and understanding between the two countries.

　　Conducted every year for five years now, the survey focused on two different groups of people: ordinary citizens, and intellectuals. In China, the intellectual group was comprised mainly of university students from well-known schools like Peking University. In Japan, the “intellectual” group was mainly made up of previous members of Genron NPO.

　　Among ordinary Chinese polled, 35.7 percent said they have “very good” or “relatively good” impressions of Japan, a 5.5-percentage-point increase compared with last year. 45.2 percent of Chinese students had a positive impression of Japan, two percentage points more than last year. Only 26.6 percent of Japanese have a positive impression of China, however.

　　Still, an overwhelming majority of the respondents from each country said Sino-Japanese relations were “important” and wanted their leaders to deepen talks and cooperation with each other.

　　But 51.9 percent of ordinary people and 42.4 percent of students in China said they saw no change in relations between the two countries over the last year. In Japan, 64.8 percent of those ordinary people and 53.4 percent of intellectuals surveyed shared the view that there was no improvement in bilateral ties this year.

　　Historical issues and territorial disputes remain two major obstacles to improving bilateral relations, the survey found. What concerns the Chinese most are historical issues, visits by Japanese officials to Yasukuni Shrine, and the Nanjing Massacre.

　　Perceptions on economic and trade relations, have improved, though. About 47 percent of ordinary Japanese said China had been “helpful” this year in fighting the global economic crisis compared with just 30 percent last year．The percent of Japanese intellectuals who said Chinese economic growth was good for Japan increased from 65．8 percent to 8 1．4 percent this year．

　　Cooperation in East Asian issues，trade and investment，energy, and the environment and climate change top the list of common concerns that people in China and Japan want their leaders to talk about in bilateral meetings，the survey found．

　　Civil exchanges were regarded by the most people from the both countries as an important way to improve relations．90．7 percent of the students and 85．7 percent of the ordinary people in China and 95．8％of intellectuals and 74．8％of the ordinary people in Japan viewed civil exchanges as “important” or “relatively important”．

　　Chinese and Japanese both learn about each other’s countries mostly through television news and newspapers，the survey found．

　　41．Which of the following statements about the survey is true?

　　A)The survey was conducted on Wednesday at a press conference in Beijing．

　　B)The survey is jointly sponsored by China Daily, Genron NPO and the American Council on Foreign Relations．

　　C)The survey found that people in both China and Japan generally agree that the relationship between the two countries is important．

　　D)The survey mainly focused on two different groups of people：ordinary citizens，and the university students．

　　42．According to the passage，the Beijing-Tokyo Forum

　　A)is held every year in Beijing．

　　B)aims at promoting communication between the two countries．

　　C)mainly attracts representatives from the governments of the two countries．

　　D)releases a survey on Sino-Japanese relation every five years．

　　43．In the last year,       ％of ordinary Chinese and    ％of Chinese students have a

　　positive impression of Japan．

　　A)35．7；45．2

　　B)51．9；42．4

　　C)5．5；26．6

　　D)30．2；43．2

　　44．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the major obstacles to improving bilateral ties?

　　A)territorial disputes

　　B) trade frictions

　　C) visits by Japanese officials to Yasukuni Shrine

　　D) the Nanjing Massacre

　　45.  The survey found that

　　A) most Japanese had good or relatively good impressions of China.

　　B) the bilateral relationship was perceived as being improved over last year by the majority of respondents from the both countries.

　　C) an overwhelming majority of the respondents from each country believed that the Civil exchanges were an important way to improve relations.

　　D) The territorial issue ranked among the top list of common concerns that people in both countries want their leaders to talk about in bilateral meetings.

　　Transport and Trade

　　1  Transport is one of the aids to trade. By moving goods from places where they are plentiful to places where-they are scarce, transport adds to their value. The more easily goods can be brought over the distance that separates producer and consumer, the better for trade. When there were no railways, no good roads, no canals, and only small sailing ships, trade was on a small scale.

　　2  The great advances made in transport during the last two hundred years were accompanied by a big increase in trade. Bigger and faster ships enabled a trade in meat to develop between. Britain and New Zealand, for instance. Quicker transport makes possible mass-production and big business, drawing supplies from, and selling goods to, all parts of the globe. Big factories could not exist without transport to carry the large number of workers they need to and from their homes. Big city stores could not have developed unless customers could travel easily from the suburbs and goods delivered to their homes. Big cities could not survive unless food could be brought from a distance.www.zcyy8.com

　　3  Transport also prevents waste. Much of the fish landed at the ports would be wasted if it could not be taken quickly to inland towns. Transport has given US a much greater, variety of foods and goods since we no longer have to live on what is produced locally. Foods which at one time could be obtained only during a part of the year can now be obtained all through the year. Transport has raised the standard of living.

　　4  By moving fuel, raw materials, and even power, as, for example, through electric cables, transport has led to the establishment of industries and trade in areas where they would have been impossible before. Districts and countries can concentrate on making things which they can do better and more cheaply than others and can then exchange them with one another. The cheaper and quicker transport becomes, the longer the distance over which goods can profitably be carried. Countries with poor transport have a lower standard of living.

　　5  Commerce requires not only the moving of goods and people but also the carrying of messages and information. Means of communication, like telephones, cables and radio, send information about prices, supplies, and changing conditions in different parts of the world. In this way, advanced communication systems also help to develop trade.

　　23  Paragraph 2 ________

　　24  Paragraph 3 ________

　　25  Paragraph 4 ________

　　26  Paragraph 5 ________

　　A  Higher living standard B  Importance of transport in trade C  Various means of transport D  Birth of transport-related industries and trade E  Role of information in trade F  Public transportation

　　27  The development of modern means of transport ________

　　28  only when goods can be carried to all parts of the world quickly ________

　　29  Transport has made it possible for people to eat whatever food they want ________

　　30  In the trade of modern society the transmission of information plays as important a role as ________

　　A  to send goods to various parts of the world B  at any time during the year C  has greatly promoted trade D  is it possible to produce on a large scale E  the transport of goods F  it is possible to produce on a large scale

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。

　　Step Back in Time

　　Do you know that we live a lot longer now than the people who were born before us? One hundred years ago the average woman lived to be 45. But now, she can live until at least 80.

　　One of the main reasons for people living longer is that we know how to look after our-selves better. We know which foods are good for us and what we have to eat to make sure our

　　bodies get all the healthy things they need. We know why we sometimes get ill and what to do to get better again. And we know how important it is to do lots of exercise to keep our hearts beating healthily.

　　But in order that we don't slip back into bad habits. let's have a look at what life was like 100 years ago.

　　Families had between l5 and 20 children, although many babies didn't live long. Children suffered from lots of diseases, especially rickets（(佝偻病） and scurvy（坏血病） , which are both caused by bad diets. This is because many families were very poor and not able to: feed their children well.

　　Really poor families who lived in crowded cities like London and Manchester often slept standing up, bending over a piece of string, because there was no room for them to lie down.

　　People didn't have fridges until the l920s. They kept fresh food cold by storing it on windowsills（窗台板）, blocks of ice, or even burying it in the garden.

　　Some children had to start work at the age of seven or eight to earn money for their parents. If you had lived l00 years ago, you might well be selling matchsticks（火柴杆）（a job done by many children）or working with your dad by now.

　　16  on average women lived longer than men l00 years ago.

　　A  Right    B  Wrong    C  Not mentioned

　　17  People now enjoy longer lives for unknown reasons.

　　A  Right    B  Wrong    C  Not mentioned

　　18  A hundred years ago many kids died at an early age.

　　A  Right    B  Wrong    C  Not mentioned

　　19  Poor diets can lead to such diseases as rickets and scurvy.

　　A  Right    B  Wrong    C  Not mentioned

　　20  People in the past preferred standing up to lying down when sleeping.

　　A  Right    B  Wrong    C  Not mentioned

　　21  An Englishman invented the fridge in the l920s.

　　A  Right    B  Wrong    C  Not mentioned

　　22  Life was not easy for many children living 100 years ago.

　　A  Right    B  Wrong    C  Not mentioned

　　下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择l个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

　　1  We saw a lot of commercial buildings in Chicago.

　　A  condemned       B  razed    C  business      D  vacant

　　2  Salt has been a respected commodity for much of recorded time.

　　A  flavoring         B  preservative C  remedy for illness  D  article of trade

　　3  Pure feldspar is a colorless, transparent mineral, but impurities commonly make it opaque and colorful.

　　A  truly             B  rapidly   C  periodically  D  frequently

　　4  In l925 Clarence Darrow competently opposed William Jennings Bryan at the renowned Scopes… “Monkey Trial”.

　　A  adeptly           B  maliciously C  privately   D  rashly

　　5  The Olympic Games attempt to transcend national interests and bring together the best international athletes in a spirit of friendly competition and peace.

　　A  debate            B  celebration C  instruction         D rivalry

　　6  He is going to compile the data requested by the tax collector.

　　A  sprout             B evade     C redeem      D gather

　　7  After l850, various states in the United States began to pass compulsory school attendance  Laws.

　　A  harsh             B  diversified C  mandatory  D  complicated

　　8  In statistics the most frequently used computations are the mean, the median, and the mode because all are indicators of central tendency.

　　A  graphs    B  variables     C  calculations  D  words

　　9  The Empire State Building was conceived on a grander scale than previous skyscrapers.

　　A  executed   B  designed     C  financed    D  applauded

　　10 Theodere Dreiser was one of the first American novelists to portray immoral characters    without condemnation.

　　A  hostility    B  sadness      C  blame      D  pity

　　11 Most religions are concerned with the worship of one or several deities as well as with    ethical rules of conduct.

　　A  faith       B  speech       C  thought    D  behavior

　　12 The Passamaquoddy and Penobscot people were confederates of the colonists in Maine at    the time of the Revolutionary War.

　　A  guardians   B  teachers     C  allies   D  observers

　　13 By the l880s’, living conditions in the congested Eastern Seaboard cities of the United    States had become local scandals.

　　A  developing  B  diverse      C  crowded  D  wealthy

　　14 The population of Seattle is a conglomerate of people from different ethnic and cultural    backgrounds.

　　A  a company   B  a fluctuation C  an assortment D  a matching

　　15 Although dolphins, sometimes swim singly or in pairs, they usually congregate in large    herds, often numbering in the hundreds.

　　A  procreate    B  eat         C  live     D  assemble

　　Up until about 100 years ago, newspapers in the United States appealed only to the most serious readers. They used no illustrations and the articles were　　（1）politics or business.
　　Two men　　（2） that-Joseph Pulitzer of the New York World and William Randolph Hearst of the New York Morning Journal Pulitzer　　（3） the New York World in 1883. He changed it from a traditional newspaper into a very　　（4） one overnight （一夜之间）。 He　　（5）lots of illustrations and cartoons. And he told his reporters to write articles on　　（6） crime or scandal they could find. And they did. One of them even pretended she was crazy and then she was　　（7） to a mental hospital. She then wrote a series of articles about the poor　　（8） of patients in those hospitals.
　　In 1895, Hearst　　（9）to New York from California. He wanted the New York Morning Journal to be more sensational （轰动的） and more exciting　　（10）the New York World. He also wanted it to be cheaper, so he　　 （11） the price by a penny. Hearst attracted attention because his headlines were bigger than　　（12）．He often said, "Big print makes big news."职称英语教材
　　Pulitzer and Hearst did anything they　　（13） to sell newspapers. For example, Hearst sent Frederic Remington, the famous illustrator （插图画家）, to（14）pictures of the Spanish-American War. When he got there, he told Hearst that no fighting was　　（15）。 Hearst answered, "You furnish （提供） the pictures. I'll furnish the war."
　　1 A about　　　B in　　 　C with　　 D of
　　2 A accepted B developed C started　　D changed
　　3 A published B bought　　 C issued　　 D printed
　　4 A boring　　 B practical C exciting D natural
　　5 A cancelled B approved C solved　　 D added
　　6 A every　　 B all　　 C both　　 D many
　　7 A invited B admitted C accepted D called
　　8 A treatment B reputation C work　　 D results
　　9 A arrived B reached　　C changed　　D came
　　10 A than　　 B as　　 C in　　 D for
　　11 A increased B reduced　　C fixed　　 D offered
　　12 A anyone　　B anyone's C anyone else D anyone else's
　　13 A may　　 B might　　 C must　　 D could
　　14 A get　　 B keep　　 C draw　　 D make
　　15 A going　　 B lasting　　C going on D taking on

答案：

1. A　　2. D　　3. B　　4. C　　5. D
6. A　　7. B　　8. A　　9. D　　10. A
11. B　 12. D　 13. D　 14. C　 15. C

　　One of the most successful fashion companies in the world is Benetton. The Benetton family opened their first shop in Italy in 1968. （1） Benetton followed four marketing principles in order to achieve their success.
　　The first principle is Consumer Concept. To build a successful business, you have to develop products around things people value, especially quality. （2） He created clothes to match people's wants: the style is casual; the colors and patterns are bold; and the quality is excellent.
　　The System Link is another feature of good marketing. For Benetton, this means waiting to get information about what customers like and what they dislike before making the clothes. （3）
　　The Information Link means making sure the company responds quickly to people's demands. （4） This information is then sent to the main office in Italy.
　　Benetton can use this information to identify popular products and to continue making them; it can also identify less popular products and stop making them.
　　A final important marketing principle is the Retail Link. There are Benentton stores in countries around the world. All the stores have the same clothing, the same window displays, and the same approach to sales. （5）
　　The things people like about Benetton stores are that the quality is always high and the prices are generally low. And that spells success.
　　A The founder of Benetton began by asking people what they wanted.
　　B There used to be a good reason for this.
　　C When something is sold at a Benetton store, the store records information about the type, size, and color of the item.
　　D Today, there are Benetton shops in major cities all over the world.
　　E This means that customers can go into any Benetton store in the world and be sure of what they are buying.
　　F In other words, Benetton's clothes are made to order.

答案：

1. D　　2. A　　3. F　　4. C　　5. E

What Makes a Soccer Player Great?

New foods and the New World

Up In Smoke

　　I began to smoke when I was in high school. In fact, I remember the evening I was at a girlfriend's house, and we were watching a movie-a terribly romantic movie. He （the hero of the movie） was in love, she （his lady） was beautiful, and they were both smoking. My friend had only two cigarettes from a pack in her mother's purse, and she gave one to me. It was my first time.
　　My parents didn't care much. They both smoked, and my older brother did too. My mother told me that smokers don't grow tall, but I was already5'6"（taller than most of the boys in my class）, so I was happy to hear that "fact". In school, the teachers talked against smoking, but the cigarette advertisements were so exciting. The men in the ads were so good-looking and so successful, and the women were-well, they were beautiful and sophisticated（老于世故的）.
　　I read a book called how to stop smoking. The writer said that smoking wastes time, and that cigarettes cost a lot of money. "So what?" I thought, the book didn't say that smoking can take away years of your life. But ten years later, everyone began to hear about the negative effects of cigarette smoke: lung disease, cancer, and heart problems. After that, there was a health warning on every pack of cigarettes. I didn't pay much attention to the reports and warnings. I felt healthy, and I thought I was taking good care of myself.职称英语
　　Then two events changed my mind. First, I started to cough. I thought it was just a cold, but it didn't get better. Second, my brother got lung cancer.
　　He got sicker and sicker. My brother and I used to smoke cigarettes together over twenty years age, and we smoked our last cigarettes together the day before he died. I sat with him in his hospital room, and I decided to quit. "NO more cigarettes, ever," I said to myself.
　　However, it was very hard to stop, Nicotine（尼古丁）is a drug; as a result, cigarettes cause a powerful addiction. I tried several times to quit on my own-without success. I made excuses. I told myself: Smoking helps me keep my figure-i.e. I don't gain weight when I smoke. Smoking not only relaxes me but it also helps me think clearly. I'm a free, liberated woman. I can smoke when I want to.
　　Finally, I ran out of excuses-I might say my excuses went up in smoke. I joined the "Stop Smoking" program at the local hospital, which also ended up in failure.
　　11 How the writer started smoking shows the powerful influence of
　　A　educational institutions
　　B　one's social status
　　C　the mass media
　　D　public opinions
　　12 The "fact" in Paragraph 2 refers to
　　A　her admiration for the men in the ads
　　B　her mother's warning that smokers don't grow tall
　　C　her height of 5'6"
　　D　the teachers' negative attitude towards smoking
　　13 The book called How to Stop Smoking
　　A　cost the writer a lot of time to read
　　B　was not taken seriously by the writer
　　C　warned the reader of the risk of lung cancer.
　　D　left the writer in confusion
　　14 The writer decided to quit smoking partly because
　　A　she could not afford any more cigarettes.
　　B　her doctor had advised her to do so
　　C　her brother had given up smoking.
　　D　she had started to cough
　　15 The writer found it hard to quit smoking because
　　A　she had been addicted to nicotine.
　　B　she had been putting on weight.
　　C　she could not think clearly.
　　D　she was an independent woman.

答案：

1. B　　2. C　　3. D　　4. B　　5. D
6. A　　7. C　　8. D　　9. A　　10. B
11. C　 12. B　 13. B　 14. D　 15. A

　　1　The most sophisticated （先进的） Japanese robots, which have vision systems and work at very high speeds, are still based on American designs. Studies of robots, particularly computer control software, are considered to be generally less advanced in Japan than in America or Europe.
　　2　Although industrial robots were originally developed as devices for simply handling objects, today their commonest uses are for more skilled work like welding （焊接）, spray-painting and assembling components.
　　3　In Britain, robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever since. This is partly because British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive and partly because engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively.
　　4　It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 times more energy than a human to do an equivalent job.
　　5　It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robots. This is an enormous number because comics are so popular that they make up a third of all material published in Japan.
　　6　The reliability of robots is measured in their M.T.B.F. or mean time between failures. This has risen from about 250 hours in the mid-1970s to about 10,000 hours today （equivalent to working 18 hours a day for two years）. One way robot manufacturers have increased reliability is to test every single component they buy, instead of the normal procedure of just testing a small sample.
　　7　The biggest single benefit of introducing robots claimed by Japanese companies is that they increase quality control. Once programmed, the robots can work more accurately and consistently than humans, who can get tired and bored.
　　1　Paragraph 2 　　　　　.
　　2　Paragraph 3 　　　　　.
　　3　Paragraph 5 　　　　　.
　　4　Paragraph 6 　　　　　.
　　A　Ongoing Research
　　B　Extension of Use
　　C　Robot Heroes
　　D　Greater Reliability
　　E　Falling Demand
　　F　Hidden Danger
　　5　Even the most sophisticated Japanese robots are 　　　　　.
　　6　Robots are less popular in Britain today partly because 　　　　　.
　　7　One disadvantage of using robots is that they consume 　　　　　.
　　8　It is claimed that introducing robots is 　　　　　.
　　A　too much energy
　　B　based on American designs
　　C　they are too costly
　　D　they are not reliable
　　E　good to quality control
　　F　free of charge

答案：

1. B　　2. E　　3. C　　4. D 5. B　　6. C　　7. A　　8. E

　　"Unless I get a rise, I'll have a talk with the boss, Henry Manley," George Strong said to himself. George liked his job and he liked the town he lived in, but his wife kept telling him that his pay was not enough to meet the needs of the family. That was why he was thinking of taking a job in Birmingham, a nearby city, about 50 miles away. He had been offered a job in a factory there, and the pay was far better.
　　George lived in Wyeford, a medium-sized town. He really liked the place and didn't like the idea of moving somewhere else, but if he took the job in Birmingham, he would have to move his family there.
　　Henry Manley was the manager of a small company manufacturing electric motors. The company was in deep trouble because, among other reasons, the Japanese were selling such things at very low prices. As a result, Manley had to cut his own prices and profits as well. Otherwise he would not get any orders at all. Even then, orders were still not coming in fast enough, so that there was no money for raises （加工资） for his workers Somehow, he had to struggle along and keep his best workers as well. He sighed. Just then the phone rang.
　　His secretary told him that George Strong wanted to see him as soon as possible. Manley sighed again. He could guess what it was about. George Strong was a very young engineer. The company had no future unless it could attract and keep men like him Manley rubbed his forehead （前额）; his problems seemed endless.
　　1 Henry Manley was already deeply in debt.
　　A Right       B Wrong      C Not mentioned
　　2 The job that had been offered to George in Birmingham paid better.
　　A Right       B Wrong      C Not mentioned
　　3 If George took the job in Birmingham, he would have to leave his family at Wyeford.
　　A Right       B Wrong      C Not mentioned
　　4 Henry Manley's company was in deep trouble.
　　A Right       B Wrong      C Not mentioned
　　5 Henry Manley's company was making enough profits to raise the workers' wages
　　A Right       B Wrong      C Not mentioned
　　6 Henry Manley had no idea at all why George Strong wanted to see him
　　A Right       B Wrong      C Not mentioned
　　7 George Strong was the best engineer in Henry Manley's company.
　　A Right       B Wrong      C Not mentioned

答案：

1. C　　2. A　　3. B　　4. A　　5. B　　6. B　　7. C

答案：

1. B　　2. A　　3. A　　4. C　　5. B
6. D　　7. C　　8. C　　9. C　　10. C
11. B　 12. D　 13. A　 14. A　 15. B

　　For a man, slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants. In that __54__ the salesman tries to sell the customer something else — he offers the nearest to the article required. Good salesman brings out such a substitute with __55__: "I know this jacket is not the style you want, sir, but would you like to try it for size. It __56__ to be the colour you mentioned." Few men have __57__ with this treatment, and the usual response is: "This is the right colour and may be the right size, but I should be __58__ my time and yours by trying it on."

　　For a woman, buying clothes is always done in the __59__ way. Her shopping is not often __60__ on need. She has never fully decided what she wants, and she is only "having a look round". She is always open to persuasion, willing to try __61__ any number of things. Uppermost in her mind is the thought of finding something that __62__ thinks suits her. Most women have an excellent sense of value and are always on the look-out for the unexpected __63__. Faced with a roomful of dresses, a woman may easily spend an hour going from one rail to another __64__ selecting the dresses she wants to try on. It is a tiresome process, but apparently a(n) __65__one. Most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting husbands.外语教育网版权所有www.for68.com

　　51. A) detail B) advance C) hurry D) fullwww.zcyy8.com

　　52. A) objective B) need C) dream D) reason

　　53. A) sadness B) amusement C) surprise D) satisfaction

　　54. A) time B) event C) case D) situation

　　55. A) care B) skill C) attention D) interest

　　56. A) happens B) is C) changes D) comes

　　57. A) experience B) is C) interest D) patience

　　58. A) losing B) wasting C) spending D) giving

　　59. A) same B) similar C) opposite D) clever

　　60. A) relied B) done C) related D) based

　　61. A) on B) with C) by D) people

　　62. A) nobody B) someone C) surprise D) everyone

　　63. A) deal B) bargain C) surprise D) people

　　64. A) before B) after C) as D) by

　　65. A) exhausting B) boring C) enjoyable D) graceful

　　「正确答案」 51——65 BADCB ADBCD ADBAC

　　「答案解析」 本题考查搭配、文章理解方面的能力，属于综合性考查项目。本部分的得分高低与你平时的针对性训练并无多大关系，重点在于你的知识积累和你的词汇、语法以及基本的翻译能力。从考查内容上看，主要考查介词、形容词、副词、动词搭配以及连词，对名词和动词考查较少。应对的策略主要是记住考试大纲中出现的搭配。像第51题的in advance，第53题的to someones satisfaction, 第54题的in that case, 第60题的base on, 第61题的try on都是反复出现的短语。另外，必要的词汇量是必须的。

　　Because very few desert animals can survive the strong rays, the temperature, and the evaporation rate __58__ a typical summers day, most of them are active during the night. Only __59__ the sun has set does the desert come fully to life. The night is relatively cool, and the darkness provides __60__, not only from the sun, but also from other animals and from the birds. So the coming of darkness is the signal __61__ the large majority of animals and insects to continue their search for water and food. When morning comes, most of them seek __62__again. Many go underground; nearly all find somewhere shady where they can avoid the sunrays.www.zcyy8.com

　　For many kinds of insects, living in the desert is __63__ than for animals. Like many desert plants, they have a waterproof skin which __ 64__ water loss by evaporation. In addition, some insects spend all or most of their life below ground. Here, for most of the year at least, there is __65__ wetness, and it is generally cooler than on the surface.

　　51. A)carry B)bear C)effect D)delay

　　52. A)amount B)number C)level D)sum

　　53. A)obtains B)consumes C)brings D)replaces

　　54. A)raise B)reject C) maintain D)regulate

　　55. A)However B)Again C)Instead D)Therefore

　　56. A)can B)may C)must D) need

　　57. A)quicken B)reduce C)lighten D)keep

　　58. A)in B)to C)of D)through

　　59. A)after B)since C) until D)before

　　60. A)prevention B)protection C)possession D)permission

　　61. A)for B)with C)from D)among

　　62. A)food B)shelter C)water D)work

　　63. A)easier B)better C)safer D)harder

　　64. A)causes B)changes C)prevents D)suffers

　　65. A)little B)plentiful C)thorough D)some

　　51-55 BAACD

　　56-60 ABCAB

　　61-65 ABACD

　　51. A) arrive in B) arrive at C) arrive D) arriving

　　52. A) was used to B) was accustomed to C) could D) would

　　53. A) blackboard B) floor C) door D) window

　　54. A) teach B) deliver C) write D) address

　　55. A) of B) at C) in D) on

　　56. A) put B) placed C) left D) forgotten

　　57. A) exciting B) amazing C) attractive D) delightful

　　58. A) appearance B) act C) behavior D) conduct

　　59. A) tied B) fastened C) ironed D) patched

　　60. A) losing B) falling C) missing D) hanging

　　61. A) has lost B) loses C) must have lost D) must lose

　　62. A) on end B) up C) aside D) back

　　63. A) putting on B) wearing on C) wearing D) having

　　64. A) rounded up B) stuck together C) put together D) held up

　　65. A) even B) frequently C) constantly D) continuously

　　51. B 52. D 53. A 54. C 55. D

　　56. C 57. B 58. A 59. B 60. C

　　61. C 62. A 63. C 64. D 65. A

　　日本人は働きすぎだ、という批評が高まってきたためか、最近は、日本の会社も、一週間とか十日とか①長い期間の休みを設けるようになった。その休みを利用して、都会を脱出し、海や山へ遊びに行く人や海外旅行をする人が年々増えつつある。

　　また、8月の中旬は旧暦のお盆に当たるので、先祖の墓参りをするために、故郷へ帰る人がたくさんいる。ふだん離れ離れになっている家族や親戚が再会できることも、お盆の大きな楽しみになっているようだ。｢民族大移動｣などと言われるほど、お盆の前後には、多くの人がいっせに帰省する。(A　)、またいっせに都会に戻ってくる。

　　このように、夏は旅行する人が多い(　B　　)、列車がたいへん混雑するし、道も渋滞する。旅館やホテルなども早めに予約しておかないと、利用することができない。(C　)、旅行を楽しむためには、計画を立て、前もって乗り物や宿泊施設の手配をしておくことが必要である。

　　40、①｢長い期間の休みを設けるようになった｣とは、なぜですか。

　　A.日本人が働きすぎだという批評が高まってきたから。

　　B.　会社の人が海外旅行したいから。www.zcyy8.CoM

　　C.　お盆があるから。

　　D.　会社の人が海や山へ遊びに行きたいから。

　　41、(　A　)の中に何を入れたらいいですか。

　　A.そして　　B.　それに　　C.　それから　　D.それでは

　　42、(　B　)の中に何を入れたらいいですか。

　　A.おかげで　　B.　ため　　C.　のに　　　D.　なら

　　43、(　C)の中に何を入れたらいいですか。

　　A.しかし　　B.　ところが　　C.　だから　　　D.すると

　　45、お盆の楽しみは何ですか。

　　A.墓参りをすること　　　　　　　　B.　家族や親友に会うこと

　　C.　一緒に帰って、一緒に戻ること　　D.　やっと都会を離れること

　　请阅读下面2篇短文，并根据短文内容，为文后的每个问题确定1个最佳答案。

　　第一篇

　　ウィンたースポーツとして最近は、スキーが流行している。日本は世界の中でも、かなり雪の多い国である。夏、海で真っ黒に日焼けしたり、さわやかな高原でアウト・ドア・スポーツを楽しんだ若者たち。冬になるまでそこそこに勉強し、アルバイトに精を出す。12月になると雪が待ち遠しい。情報誌でスキー場やホテルを調べたり、テレビや新聞、あるいは旅行会社のパンフレットなどからいろいろな情報を集めるのだ。幾つかの新しいスキー用具を買い揃え、さらに予算の許す者は、新しいウェアをそろえたりする。あとは雪が十分に降るのを待つだけである。

　　めちゃくちゃに遊んだ以前の若者に比べると、確かに最近の若者は遊び上手になってきたと思う。少し前までは、会社に入る前に十分楽しんでおこう、会社に入ったら遊べないからなという声をよく耳にしたものだ。しかし、このごろはちょっと①違っている。会社に入っても自分の時間はできるだけ大切にしながら生活する。残業はあまりしないし、会社の行事に積極的に参加しようとするものも少なくなった。その分、家族や友人、そして自分自身を大切にしようという者が増えてきたと思う。

　　何かあると小さく一つに固まりたがる日本人、と言われて久しいが、今、静かに個人の時代が進んできているようだ。②それが寂しくて、本能的に仲間だけで固まろうとする若者もいるが、日本社会が本当に自由で開かれた社会、豊かで(　③　)平等な社会になっていくためには、まず一人一人が自分自身の足でしっかりと大地に立つことが必要だろう。④こうした点で、自由勝手に青春を楽しんでいるように見えるこのごろの若者だが、少し大きくなったなと、私は思っている。职称英语

　　問題

　　35、①「違っている」とあるが、何がどう違っているのか。

　　A.　以前の若者はよく遊んだのに、今の若者は自分の好きなことだけに時間をかけていること

　　B.　以前の若者は遊んでばかりだったのに、今の若者は自分の時間を大切にして生活すること

　　C.　会社に入る前に十分遊んでおくのが普通なのに、今の若者は入社しても遊びたがっていること

　　D.　今の若者は以前の若者に比べて自由に遊ぶようになったので、自分の時間が多くなってきたこと

　　36、②「それ」は何を指すか。

　　A.　個人の時代になって、一つの固まってはいけなくなったこと

　　B.　個人の時代の進み方がゆっくりしているので、一つに固まれないこと

　　C.　個人の時代の進み方が、とても静かでゆっくりしていること

　　D.　個人の時代が、ゆっくりと静かに進んできていること

　　37、(③)の中に何が入るか。

　　A.しかし　 B.　それで　 C.　そこで　 D.　しかも

　　38、④｢こうした点｣は、どういう点か。

　　A.　一人一人が自分の考え方をしっかりと持っているという点

　　B.　一人一人が足が以前よりも健康でしっかりしているという点

　　C.　一人一人が自分の足をどうきたえるか考えなくてはいけないという点

　　D.　一人一人が自分で大地の立ち方を考えなくてはいけないという点

　　39、次の中からこの文章の内容とあっているものを一つ選びなさい。

　　A.　現代の若者は勉強をよくやっているが、あまりバルバイトをしない。

　　B.　現代の若者は昔の若者と比べるとよく遊んでいる。

　　C.　現代の若者は自分たちの時間を大切にするようになった。

　　D.　現代の若者は家族よりも自分の仕事を大切にするようになった。

　　请阅读下面的句群，根据句群的内容为每个问题确定一个最佳答案。

　　句群一

　　自然が好きというけど、日本人は本当の意味で自然がすきなのかな。こういう庭がある。ああいうさくらがある。だから自然が好きなんだ。よくこういう言い方をしますよね。でも、それは｢自然｣なのかな。人間が人工的に変えた自然を｢自然｣だと言っているのではないかな。

　　31、内容に最もあっているものを次の中から選びなさい。

　　A.　日本人本当の意味での自然が好きだ。www.zcyy8.com

　　B.　日本人は人工的に自然を変えるのが好きだ。

　　C.　日本人は人工的に変えた自然よりも、本当の意味での自然が好きだ。

　　D　日本人が好きなのは人工的に変えた自然だ。

　　句群二

　　山田「昨日は山登りに行ったんですか。」

　　木村「いえ、出かけようとしたら、雨が降ってきたので、映画を見ることにしたんです。」

　　山田「そうですか。それで、何の映画を見たんですか。」

　　木村「いえ、映画館に行ってみたら満員で、結局喫茶店でおしゃべりをして帰ってきちゃったんです。」

　　32、内容に最もあっているものを次の中から選びなさい。

　　A.　木村さんは昨日山登りをするつもりだった。

　　B.　木村さんは昨日山登りをした。

　　C.　木村さんが山登りに行く途中で、雨が降り出した。

　　D　木村さんは満員の映画館で映画を見た。

　　句群三

　　悪口が友情の表現である場合がしばしばある。人間というものは親しくなればなるほど相手に対して注文が多くなるのが普通であり、また当然である。そして、その注文は常に悪口の形で表現される。

　　33、内容に最もあっているものを次の中から選びなさい。

　　A. 悪口を言って友人を失うことがよくある。

　　B.　悪口を言い合えるくらい親しい友人はいいものだ。

　　C.　悪口が親しい人に対する要望を表していることがよくある。

　　D.　どんなに親しい人であっても、悪口はつつしむべきだ。

　　句群四

　　このごろ少し太ってきた。去年買ったズボンをはくことができない。新しいのを買うためにはお金が必要だ。でも、お金のために一生懸命働けば、疲れてやせるだろう。すると、去年のズボンをはくことができる。新しいのを買う必要はなくなる。

　　34、内容に最もあっているものを次の中から選びなさい。

　　A.　一生懸命働くと、疲れてもやせなくなる。

　　B.　一生懸命働くと、もっとお金が必要になる。

　　C.　一生懸命働くと、少し太ることになる。

　　D.　一生懸命働くと、新しいズボンは要らなくなる。

　　A.　くれます　 B.　あげます　　 C.　やります　 D.　くださいます

　　17、先生は学生に自分で分かるまで考え(　　)。

　　A.　させる　　 B.　ます　 C.　ない　　 D.られる

　　18、「お(　　)して、すみません。」

　　「いいえ、私も今来たばかりです。」

　　A.　待ち　　　 B.　待つ　　　 C.　待たせ　　 D.　待たれ

　　19、｢山本さん、その辞書、ちょっと見せていただけませんか。｣

　　「　(　　)。」

　　A.　はい、見せてください　　　B.　見せてもいいですよ

　　C.　あ、いいですよ。どうぞ 　　D.　どういたしまして

　　20、こんな重い荷物は子供には(　　)でしょう。

　　A.持てない　　B.持たない　　C.持たる　　D.持つ

　　21、必ずしも有名なレストランの料理がおいしいとは限らない。

　　A. 有名なレストランでもおいしくないところがある。

　　B.　有名なレストランならどこでもおいしい。

　　C.　有名なレストランはおいしいに決まっている。

　　D.　有名なレストランでおいしい料理を食べたい。

　　22、子供は親の言うことを聞くものだ。

　　A.　昔、子供は親の言うことを聞いた。

　　B.　昔、子供は親の言うことを聞かなかった。

　　C.　子供は親の言うことを聞かなければいけない。

　　D、子供は親の言うことをよく聞く。

　　23、12時までにレポートを出してください。

　　A.　12時にレポートを出してください。

　　B.　12時ちょうどにレポートを出してください。

　　C.　12時より前にレポートを出してください。

　　D　12時になってからレポートを出してください。

　　24、全然食べないことはありません。

　　A.　食べたことがありません。

　　B.　食べるわけがありません。

　　C.　食べることもあります。

　　D、食べなければなりません。

　　25、友達に成績を見られてしまいました。

　　A.　友達が私の成績を見ました。

　　B.　私は友達の成績を見ました。

　　C.　友達が私に成績を見せてくれました。

　　D、私は友達に成績を見せました。

　　26、弟は父からもらった大事な時計を妹に貸してあげました。

　　A.　妹は弟に大事な時計を貸してもらいました。

　　B.　妹は父から大事な時計を貸してもらしました。

　　C.　妹は弟に大事な時計を貸してあげました。

　　D　父は妹に大事な時計を貸してやりました。

　　27、胃が痛いのは冷たいビールを飲みすぎたせいだ。

　　A.　冷たいビールを飲みすぎたため、胃か痛くなった。

　　B.　冷たいビールを飲みすぎると、胃が痛くなる。

　　C.　冷たいビールを飲みすぎたとしても、胃が痛いはずがない。

　　D　冷たいビールを飲む前に、胃が痛かった。

　　28、あの人がそんなことをするわけがない。

　　A.　あの人がそんなことをするはずがない。

　　B.　あの人がそんなことをしてもおかしくない。

　　C.　あの人なら、そんなことをしそうだ。

　　D　あの人がそんなことをしてはいけない。

　　29、来週の会議には全員出席するということです。

　　A.　来週の会議には全員出席することになりました。

　　B.　来週の会議には全員出席するように言われました。

　　C.　来週の会議には全員出席するはずです。

　　D　来週の会議には全員出席するそうです。

　　30、ここに来るたびに学生時代のことを思い出す。

　　A.　ここに来ても学生時代のことが思い出される。

　　B.　ここに来てからよく学生時代のことを思い出すようになった。

　　C.　ここに来れば来るほど学生時代のことが懐かしくなる。

　　D　ここに来るといつも学生時代のことを思い出す

　　本部分有2项测试任务：(1)第1～21题要求为每处括号确定1个最佳选项，分别完成每个句子;(2)第22～30题要求为每个句子确定一个意义最为接近的选项。

　　1、運動場にはだれ(　　)いない。

　　A. しか　　 B.　も　　 C.　は　　　 D.　さえ

　　2、このクラスで彼(　　)頭のいい人はいない。

　　A.　まで　 B.　など　 C.　ほど　　 D.ずつ

　　3、毎日日本語を勉強している。(　　)なかなかうまく話せない。

　　A.　そのために　 B.　それでも　　 C.　そこで　 D.　ところで

　　4、試験はそんなに難しくなかった。(　　)百点を取るのは難しい。

　　A.　すると　　 B.　しかし　　 C.　けっきょく　　 D.　だから

　　5、山田さんは勤勉で、(　　)勇敢な男だ。

　　A.　そのうえ　 B.　ただ　　 C.　ところが　 D.それでも

　　6、食卓の上にあった料理は(　　)食べてしまいました。もう何も残っていません。

　　A.　いっぱい　 B.　すっかり　 C.　たっぷり　 D.　十分

　　7、私は歌が下手ですから、(　　)カラオケに行きません。

　　A.　必ず　　 B.　とても　 C.　よく　　 D.　めったに

　　8、漫画は(　　)子供たちに悪い影響を与えるとは言えない。

　　A.　必ず　　 B.　とても　 C.必ずしも　 D.　ぜひ

　　9、写真をとりますから、(　　)していてください。

　　A.　うっかり B.　しっかり　 C.　きちんと　　 D.　じっと

　　10、三月になった(　　)、少しも春らしくならない。

　　A.　し　　　 B.　のに　　 C.　と　　 D.　ので

　　11、この歌は世界中の人に(　　)います。

　　A.　歌って　 B.　歌われて　　　C.　歌わせて　 　D.　歌わせられて

　　12、昨日友達に(　　)、勉強ができなかった。

　　A.　来て　　 B.来た　　　　 C.　来られて　　 D.　来れて

　　13、3年も中国に住んでいる(　　)中国語があまり上手ではない。

　　A.　からには　 B.以上　 C.　だけあって　 D.　わりには

　　14、先生、間違っているところを直して(　　　)。

　　A. いただきますか　　　B.　もらいますか

　　C.　いただけませんか 　D.　いただけましょうか

　　15、雨(　　)、観光客が大勢集まった。

　　A. によって　　　B.　につれて　　 C.　に限って　　 D.にもかかわらず

　　攻略一：集中精力啃教材、新增加文章更重要

　　根据往年职称英语的出题规律，考试中将有30%-50%的题目来自该教材。所以，按往年规律，将教材内容搞熟就能拿到40分左右，希望考生在考前的最后一个月不要丢了西瓜，去捡芝麻，教材上的题还没有搞清楚之前，其他的题就不要看了。

　　参考08、09年考试情况，新增文章在考试中出现的机率相对要大一些。虽然今年新增文章会不会是考试的重点文章还无法预测，但这部分文章在复习当中是必须要看的。

　　对于前期复习较早、复习较好的考生，教材上的题目都熟悉了，那就做一些习题来进行练习，并掌握一些解题技巧。之前，新东方在线网络课堂李玉技老师教给大家了一些解题技巧和方法，大家可以在做题时多进行练习，以保证做到运用相应技巧的“熟能生巧”。职称英语

　　攻略二：复习新增文章，优先本类别、本级别新增内容

　　在复习新增文章时，要注意先以复习本类别本级别的新增文章为主，然后再看本类别的新增文章。例如考综合A的考生，可以先看综合A的新增文章，然后再看综合类其他两级别的新增文章，最后学有余力的可以看下理工A和卫生A的新增文章。

　　同时，复习阅读理解新增文章时，要重点记忆新增文章的中文译文和题干、正确选项的译文，这样才能避免考试中有若选项或是题干部分稍作变化就找不到正确答案的问题；复习完形填空新增文章时，注意记忆每个空格前后两句话，避免考试中换空现象。

　　攻略三：做模拟练习，熟练掌握解题技巧

　　对于复习较早、基础较好的考生，在将教材内容掌握后，建议有针对性的做一些模拟试题进行课外阅读和解题技巧的熟练与应用。

　　先分别从不同的题型开始练习,在练习的过程中可以尝试运用新东方在线网络课堂李玉技老师在课堂上讲解的各个题型的解题技巧，如大标题做题法、红花绿叶原则、顺序出题原则、关键词回归定位法等，这些解题技巧的熟练运用不但能帮你节省做题时间，更重要的是利用这些技巧可帮你解答一些有很多生词、没时间查词典的题目，从而来提高成绩。

　　在分别练习完各个题型之后我们就要模拟真实的考试时间考试题型进行练习,建议考生尝试新东方在线提供的免费在线模考试题,它模拟真实的考试时间,根据考生的答题情况进行电脑打分,考察考生现在的真实水平和复习状况。

　　攻略四：继续练习查词典

　　职称英语考试允许考生带一本词典进入考场，在最后阶段需要反复练习，提高查阅的速度的准确率，建议一天练习查60对，而且一个词汇题要反、正查，同时也要进行职称考试中常考词汇的记忆，这样可以在考试时提高速度，节省时间。同时，建议考生将历年真题中的词汇选项部分常考的重点词汇及职称英语考试中的核心词汇进行考前最后的集中记忆，这样可以提高在考试中做题的效率。

　　攻略五：调整好备考心态，树立信心，切记懂乱、随便放弃

　　总的来说，职称英语考生以中青年为主，大部分考生英语底子薄，或长时间没有接触过英语，对考试没有信心。建议大家要在抓紧最后冲刺阶段的复习时，把心态放平和，只要大家树立起必胜的信心，合理安排时间，认真复习，掌握考试技巧，职称英语考试一定可以通过!

　　1、题目要求：

　　题目是若干个陈述句(statement)，要求根据原文所给的信息，判断每个陈述句是对(Right)、错(Wrong)，还是未提及(Not Mentioned)。

　　2、难点剖析：

　　这种题型的难度在于，在对和错之外还有第三种状态：未提及。很多同学难以区分“错”和“未提及”。

　　3、必备解题技巧：

　　对于考生而言，职称英语考试的时间非常紧张，阅读判断题型不适合先阅读文章后做题，而应当先阅读题目后看文意，这样便于节省时间。

　　（1）准确确定题目中的关键词，然后寻找关键词在文章中所在的句子及段落

　　关键词是指：

　　1．名词或名词性短语

　　2．形容（幅）词或形容（副）词性短语；

　　3．专有名词；

　　4．数字或年代。但要注意：

　　a．文章标题中的单词一般不宜作为关键词；

　　b．在文章中出现频率较高的词一般不宜作为关键词；

　　c．动词一般不宜作为关键词。

　　将题目中的关键词与每段话的第一句相对照。有些题目能先定位到原文中的一个段落，这必将大大加快解题时间，并提高准确率。但并不是每个题目都能先定位到原文中的一个段落的。

　　（2）判断，根据下列原则和规律，确定正确答案

　　选择A、B或C的三种情况：

　　1. 选A的情况：如果某题干与原文信息完全一致或基本一致

　　2. 选B的情况：如果某题干与原文信息完全相反

　　3. 选C的情况：如果某题干部分或局部信息在原文中未提到

　　二、概括大意与完成句子——复习策略解析

　　1、题目要求：

　　文章由若干段话组成，要求给每段话归纳段落大意，意即找出该段的中心思想、主旨。本题型不是让你写出每段话的段落大意，这样不好评判对错。而是要求从选项列表中选择。在现在的考试中，选项的数目往往大大多于文章中段落的数目，也就是说，有很多干扰选项。

　　2、难点剖析：

　　每个选项最多只能用一次，也就是说，两个段落的段落大意不可能是一个选项。这是因为不同段落的主旨肯定是不同的，原文将它们分为不同的段落，就是要分别说不同的内容。如果两段的主旨相同，即表达的中心思想一致，应该将它们合为一段，没有必要分为两段。

　　3、必备解题技巧：

　　(1) 先看选项，寻找关键词，确定所考段落。

　　这样做的好处有两点：（1）寻找选项关键词，它有可能与某段的核心词汇重合，如果重合，那该选项可能是正确答案。（2）确定所考段落，未考段落可暂时不必阅读。读文章的时候，不要一下把文章全读完，而是读一段话，做一道题。假如原文的第一段的小标题已找到，那么，先读第二段，然后到选项列表中找该段话的小标题。然后再读第三段，同样处理，直至完成。这样做，不仅速度快，而且准确率高。

　　（2）读每段话时，要抓住该段话的主题句和核心词汇，正确答案常常是主题句的改写

　　读每段话时，并不是该段话全要仔细阅读。这样，既浪费时间，也不容易抓住重点。应该抓住该段话的主题句。

　　根据作者的统计数据，段落的主题句在第一句的可能性超过50％，段落的主题句在第二句的可能性为20％，段落的主题句在最后一句的可能性超过20％。也就是说，按照上述方法做这种题型，读完该段话的第一句，就能在选项列表中找出该段话的小标题，这种可能性超过50％。整段话都需要阅读的可能性不到10％。

　　三、补全短文——复习策略解析

　　1、题目要求：

　　补全短文题型中，每个题目都是一个陈述句，出现的位置不固定。这种题型不是要求你写出答案，而是从选项中选择。选项的数目要多于题目的数目。

　　2、难点剖析：

　　补全短文题型对阅读能力的要求较高，同时也非常注重基础知识如语法、词汇知识的考查，因此补全短文题型的难度较大，是职称考试中最令考生头痛的题型之一。

　　3、必备解题技巧：

　　解题方略：解每道题时只需要阅读该题所在段落，不需要阅读其他段落。往往通过阅读该题目的前后句就能够确定答案，在考试时，应该注意利用以下前后句子存在的关系来做题：

　　（1）利用转折关系

　　（2）利用归纳总结关系

　　（3）利用总分关系

　　（4）利用并列关系

　　掌握以上内容，对于提高以上三个小题型成绩会有很大帮忙，希望广大考生能充分理解并加以利用。

　　非谓语动词也叫非限定动词或动词的非谓语形式.非谓语动词主要包括动名词、不定式和分词（现在分词和过去分词）,即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外, 具有动词的部分语法特征,可以承担句子的任何成分.

　　一、动名词

　　1.定义:

　　动名词是由动词或动词短语转换而成的名词性结构,其构成的形式是在动词或动词短语的动词后面加上ing.

　　2.功能:

　　动名词（或动名词短语）在句中起名词的作用,可用作主语、表语、宾语（动词或介词的宾语）和定语等.

　　（1）作主语

　　e.g.  Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的.

　　（2）作表语

　　e.g.  In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs. 在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵.

　　（3）作宾语（动词或介词的宾语）

　　e.g. We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我们必须阻止空气被污染.

　　（4）作定语

　　e.g·He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路.

　　3.考点:

　　动名词在职称英语中往往不是不直接进行考察,而是把动名词结构放在英语的句子中,然后考察考生对句含动名词结构的这个句子的句意的准确了解.所以,考生在复习中主要需要弄清楚动名词在英语句子中的四种语法功能.

　　4.与分词做定语的区别:

　　现在分词由原形动词+ing构成,如designing,leaving,stopping等现在分词作定语时,表示正在进行的动作,或经常性的动作,或表示现状.由此可见现在分词与动名词结构在"形"上相似.考生需要能区分现在分词作定语和动名词作定语的情况.动名词作定语往往表示所修饰的名词的功能/用语,现在分词作定语强调分词结构中的动作正在进行.

　　Give the note to theloudly-speaking（现在分词作定语）man. 请把便条交给坐在正在高声说话的人.

　　I'd like to buy a washing（动名词作定语）maching.（a machine for washing）. 我想要一台洗衣机.

　　5.常接动名词作宾语的动词:

　　acknowledge,advocate,anticipate,appreciate,advise,avoid,admit,consider,delay,deny,dislike,enioy,escape,excuse,fancy,favor,finish,f1orgive,imagine,include,involve,justify,keep,mind,miss,pardon,practice,postpone,permit,report,resent,resume,risk,resist,suggest,tolerate

　　6.动名词的习惯用法与句型:

　　be busy/active doinz sth.

　　have difficulty/trouble/problems/struggle（in）doing sth.

　　It's no good/use doing sth.

　　have a good/hard/difficuh time doing sth.

　　spend/waste time doing sth.职称英语教材

　　There is no point/sense/harm/use/good（in）doing sth.

　　cannot help doing sth.

　　There is no use doing sth

　　1、动词不定式形式:（to）+do具有名词、形容词、副词的特征;否定式:not+（to） do

　　2、不定式的句法功能:

　　（1）作主语:

　　To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.

　　To lose your heart means failure.

　　动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句后,例如上面两句可用如下形式:

　　It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.

　　It means failure to lose your heart.

　　常用句式有:

　　1、It+be+名词+to do.

　　2、It takes sb.+some time+to do.

　　3、It+be+形容词+of sb +to do.

　　4、It+be+形容词+for sb.+to do.

　　常用careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词,不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语.

　　（2）作表语:

　　Her job is to clean the hall.

　　He appears to have caught a cold.

　　（3）作宾语:

　　常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语（不定式）后置,放在宾语补足语后面,例如:

　　Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 动词不定式也可充当介词宾语,如: I have no choice but to stay here.

　　He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.

　　动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用,如: He gave us some advice on how to learn English.

　　（4）作宾语补足语: 在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.

　　此外,介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用,如: With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema.

　　有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to, 如: I saw him cross the road. /He was seen to cross the road.

　　（5）作定语:

　　动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后.与所修饰名词有如下关系:

　　①动宾关系:

　　I have a meeting to attend.

　　注意:不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等,应有必要的介词,如:

　　He found a good house to live in.

　　The child has nothing to worry about.

　　如果不定式修饰time, place, way,可以省略介词:

　　He has no place to live.

　　This is the best way to work out this problem.

　　如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者,不定式可用主动式也可用被动式:

　　Have you got anything to send?

　　Have you got anything to be sent?

　　②说明所修饰名词的内容:

　　We have made a plan to finish the work.

　　③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语:

　　He is the first to get here.

　　3、难点解析

　　（1）接不定式或动名词在意思上有区别的动词:

　　fmean to do想要（做某事）propose to do打算（做某事）

　　mean doing意味（做某事）propose doing建议（做某事）

　　forget to do忘记（要做的事）remember to do记得（要做某事）

　　forget doing忘记（已做的事）remember doing记得（已做过的事）

　　regret to do（对将要做的事）遗憾go on to do继而（做另一件事）

　　regret doing（对已做过的事）后悔go on doing继续（做原来的事）

　　fstop to do停下来去做另一件事

　　stop doing停止正在做的事

　　（2）下列动词短语中的to是介词,后面应接动名词或名词:

　　object to,resort to,react to,contribute to,look forward to,be accustomed to,be committed to.be exposed to,be subjected to,be devoted to,be dedicated to,be opposed to,be reconciled to,be contrary to

　　1. 分词作定语

　　1） 分词作定语既可以放在所修饰的词之前,作前置定语,也可以放在所修饰的词后面,作后置定语.其作用相当于一个定语从句.例如:

　　Where are the reserved seats? （=Where are the seats which have been reserved?）

　　预定的座位在哪里?

　　This is a pressing problem. （=This is a problem which is pressing.）

　　这是一个紧迫的问题.

　　2） 分词作后置定语可分为限制性（紧跟在所修饰的中心词之后）和非限制性（用逗号与其所修饰的中心词分开）两种,其作用分别相当于一个限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句.例如:

　　The funds raised （= which have been raised） are mainly used for helping the homeless.

　　筹集的资金主要用来帮助那些无家可归的人.

　　There are many students waiting （= who are waiting） to get examined.

　　有许多学生在等待检查.

　　This book, written （= which is written） in simple English, is suitable for beginners.

　　本书是用浅显的英语写的,适合初学者.

　　3） 分词常和形容词、副词或名词构成合成形容词作定语.例如:

　　The flower-carrying girl must be waiting for someone.

　　那位手持鲜花的姑娘一定在等人.

　　The newly-built building is our office building.

　　这座新建的大楼是我们的办公楼.

　　4） 有些不及物动词的过去分词作定语,并不表示被动的意思而是表示完成.这类过去分词常作前置修饰语.例如:

　　There are a lot of fallen leaves in autumn.

　　秋天有许多落叶.

　　The film describes the story about the police who pursue an escaped man.

　　这部电影描述的是警察抓逃犯的事.

　　常用的这一类词有:fallen, faded, returned, retired, risen, grown up, vanished等.

　　2. 分词作宾语补足语

　　1） 跟分词作宾补的动词有:catch, have get, keep, hear, find, feel, leave, make, want, start, notice, observe, watch, set等.例如:

　　When they returned home from the holiday, they found their house stolen.

　　当他们度假完回到家时,发现房子被盗了.（过去分词表示被动）

　　2） 在复合宾语中,用现在分词作宾补,说明宾语是动作的发出者,形成逻辑上的主谓关系;用过去分词作宾补,表示宾语是动作的承受者,构成逻辑上的动宾关系.例如:

　　There was so much noise that the speaker couldn't make himself heard.

　　由于十分吵闹,讲话人没法让人听到他的声音.

　　When he awoke, he found himself being looked after by an old woman.

　　他醒来的时候发现一位老大娘正在照顾他.

　　3. 分词作状语

　　1） 分词或分词短语作状语时,可以表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式或伴随状况.通常可转换成相应的状语从句;表示方式或伴随状况的可以转换成并列句或非限制性定语从句.例如:

　　Confined to bed （= Because she was confined to bed）, she needed to be waited on in everything.

　　她卧病在床,什么事都需要人伺候.（作原因状语）

　　Having only book knowledge （= If you only have book knowledge）, you will not be

　　able to work well.

　　如果只有书本知识,你就不可能做好工作.（作条件状语）

　　They stood there waiting for the bus. （=They stood there and waited for the bus.）

　　他们站在那里等公共汽车.（作方式状语）

　　2） 现在分词和过去分词作状语时的用法比较

　　不管是现在分词还是过去分词作状语,如果单独作状语,其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致.分词作状语通常可以转换成一个相应的状语从句,如果状语从句中的谓语动词为被动结构,就用过去分词;如果状语从句中的谓语动词为主动结构,就用现在分词.有时为了强调,分词前可带连词when, while, if, though, as if, unless等一起作状语,以便使句子的意思更清楚、更连贯.例如:

　　Working hard （If you work hard）, you will succeed.

　　如果你努力,你会成功的.

　　Defeated （= Though he was defeated）, he remained a popular boxer.

　　虽然他被击败了,但他仍然是一个受人喜爱的拳击手.

　　4. 分词的独立结构

　　1） 分词作状语时,要特别注意其逻辑主语必须和谓语动词的主语一致.否则,分词必须有自己的主语,这种带主语的分词被称为分词的独立结构,或叫独立主格.在句中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件等.例如:

　　The project finished, they had a two weeks' leave.

　　完成那个计划后,他们休了两周假.

　　He being absent, nothing could be done.

　　由于他缺席,什么事也没法干.

　　2） 独立结构有时也可以用"with/ without +名词（或代词的宾语）+ 分词"的结构,表示伴随状况.例如:

　　They sat there silently, （with） their eyes fixedon the lake.

　　他们静静地坐在那里,眼睛看着湖面.

　　With him helping me, I felt lucky.

　　有他的帮助,我感到很幸运.

　　5 . 容易混淆的现在分词和过去分词

　　像 interesting 和 interested 一类的分词在意义和用法上很容易混淆,一般可作如下区分:

　　（ 1 ）一部分表示"情感;心情"等意义的动词的现在分词有"令人……的;具有……性质的"的意思,常用来说明人或事物的特征或性质.如:

　　The president made an inspiring speech at the meeting yesterday.

　　（ 2 ）它们的过去分词有"感到……的"的意思,用来指人的感觉或所处的状态,因而它的主语一般不可能是指物的词.如:

　　He was too excited to fall asleep.

　　这类容易混淆的分词常见的有: encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; exciting, excited; inspiring, inspired; interesting, interested; puzzling, puzzled; astonishing, astonished; surprising, surprised 等.

　　1.The Olympic Games, ______ in 776 B.C,did't include women players until 1919.

　　A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing

　　析:根据题干,必须选表示被动的选项,故排除A、D;因B选项表"将要被举行"意,不合题干之用,只有C选项（相当于which was first played）才合用.

　　2.European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world.

　　A.making B.makes C.made D.to make职称英语培训

　　析:B、C是谓语动词,在此不可用.D项to make或表目的,或表"将要使得",这都不合题干情景.只有A.making,可作状语,表结果.再举一现在分词作结果状语例: The bus was held up by the snowstorm,causing the delay.公共汽车被大风雪所阻,因而耽误了.

　　3.Little Jim should love ______ to the theatre this evening.

　　A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking

　　析:根据this evening,应选表示将来义的选项,C、D应排除.Take后无宾语,必然要用被动式,故答案为A.

　　4.John was made ______ the truck for a week as a punishment.

　　A.to wash B.washing C.wash D.to be washing

　　析:根据be made to do sth.句式,可定答案为A.

　　5.The patient was warned ______ oily food after the operation.

　　A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eating

　　析:根据warn sb.（not）to do sth.句式,可排除B、D两项;又根据非谓语动词的否定式not总是在首位的规律,又可排除A,而定C.

　　6.——I usually go there by train. ——Why not ______ by boat for a change?

　　A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going

　　析:此题可根据why not后直接跟原形动词规律而一举确定正确答案为D.若将B项改为try to go,则要根据其与try going意义之别来确定答案.依据题干对话内容,乙方是建议甲方尝试乘船变变花样,所以答案仍为D.

　　7.______ a reply,he decided to write again.

　　A.Not receiving B.Receiving not

　　C.Not having received D.Having not received

　　析:非谓语动词的否定式not应置于首位,B、D皆为错误形式.A项不能表达先于decided的动作,只有选C项才表没收到信在先,决定再写信在后,所以C为正确答案.

　　8.Charles Babbage is generally considered ______ the first computer.

　　A.to invent B.inventing C.to have invented D.having mvented

　　析:consider表"考虑"意时,其后动词用doing形式,此处不表"考虑",而表"认为",这时consider后作宾语补足语或主语补足语多为to do,to have done,to be等形式.据此可排除B、D两个选项.又因A表"要发明"意,不合题用,只有C表"发明了"意,才合题用,故选C.

　　1、时间状语从句

　　（1）as、when、while用法

　　as表示"当……的时候",往往和when/ while通用,但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生.

　　She came up as I was cooking.（同时）

　　The runners started as the gun went off.（几乎同时）

　　when:（at or during the time that ）既可以表示在某一点的时候,又可表示在某一段时间内,主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生.

　　It was raining when we arrived.（指时间点）

　　When we were at school, we went to the library every day.（在一段时间内）

　　while意思是"当……的时候"或"在某一段时间里".主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生,从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词.在when表示a period of time时,两者可以互换.

　　Please don't talk so loud while others are working.

　　He fell asleep while/when reading. Strike while the iron is hot.（用as或when不可,这里的while意思是"趁……"）

　　（2）引导时间状语从句的连接词除上述外还有:

　　①till, not …  until …, until, before, since

　　Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.

　　He waited for his father until（till）it was twelve o'clock.

　　It will be five years before he returns from England.

　　②hardly / scarcely … when, no sooner … than, as soon as once

　　表示"一……就"

　　As soon as I have finished it , I'll give yu a call.

　　Once you show any fear, he will attack you.

　　We had hardly got / Hardly had we got into the country when it

　　began to rain.

　　No sooner had he arrived / He had no sooner arrived than she started complaining.

　　③directly, immediately, the moment, the minute that… 一……就

　　He made for the door directly he heard the knock.

　　④each time, every time, by the time

　　Each time he came to my city, he would call on me.

　　注意:表示未来情况,主句用将来时,从句用现在时.

　　（1）although与though可以引导让步状语从句,不能与but连用,但可以与yet连用.

　　Although they are poor,（yet）they are warm-hearted.

　　（2）even if或even though引导让步状语从句,表示"即使","纵然",用来使人注意下文所强调内容的性质.

　　I'll get there even if（though）I have to sell my house to get enough money to go by air.

　　（3）no matter后接上who、what、where、how等疑问词,也可以在这类疑问词后面加上ever构成whoever、whatever、wherever、however等.

　　Don't trust him, no matter what / whatever he says.

　　Whoever breaks the law will be published.

　　No matter how hard the work is, you'd better try to do it well.

　　（4）as也可以引导让步状语从句.要用倒装.

　　Child as（though）he is, he knows a lot.

　　Much as I like it, I won't buy.

　　Try as he would, he couldn't lift the heavy box.

　　3、原因状语从句:because, for, as, since, now that

　　（1）表示不知道的原因时用because,即说话人认为听话人不知道,因此because从句是全句最重要的部分,通常它被置于主句之后.

　　You want to know why I'm leaving? I'm leaving because I'm full.

　　for虽然表示不知道的原因,但其语气较because要弱得多,是可说可不说的话,它只能置于主句之后,这时,for是并列连词.如果不是因果关系,而是对前面主句的内容加以解释或推断时,只能用for.如:It's morning now, for the birds are singing.（很显然,鸟叫不可能是"现在已是早上"的原因.）

　　（2）表示已经知道的原因时用as或since,即某种原因在说话人看来已经很明显,或已为听话人所熟悉,因此它是句中不很重要的部分.since要比as正式一些,它们通常被置于语句之前,但有时却相反.

　　Seeing all of the children already seated, he said,"Since everyone is here, let's start."

　　（3）下列情况下只能使用because:

　　①在回答why的问句时;

　　②在用于强调句型时;

　　③被not所否定时.

　　Make a mark wherever you have any questions.

　　We will go where the Party directs us.

　　5、目的状语从句:that, so that, in order that

　　注意:目的状语从句的谓语动词常与情态动词连用,否则可能是结果状语从句.不可置于句首.

　　6、结果状语从句:that, so that, so … that, such … that …

　　注意:so + 形容词/副词 + that从句;such + 名词 + that从句.

　　7、方式状语从句:as, as if（though）

　　I'll do as I am told to.

　　It looks as if it is going to rain.

　　8、比较状语从句:than, as

　　9、条件状语从句:if, unless, so （as） long as, in case, once, a far as, on condition that.

　　注意if与unless的区别:不能用and连接两个unless从句,即不能有… unless …,and unless … .但if … not and if … not却不受此限.

　　You won't lose your weight unless you eat less and unless you exercise more.（×）

　　但可以说 … unless you eat less and exercise more.

　　10、注意状语从句中从句的省略现象

　　（1）连接词 + 过去分词

　　Don't speak until spoken to.

　　Pressure can be incrased when needed.

　　Unless repaired, the washing machine is no use.

　　（2）连词 + 现在分词

　　Look out while crossing the street.

　　（3）连词 + 形容词/其他

　　常见的有it necessary、if possible、when necessary、if any等.

　　选择填空

　　1. I don't think I'll need any money but I'll bring some ____________.

　　A.as last        B.in case         C.once again        D.in time

　　解析:答案为B.句意为"带些钱以防万一",只能选择in case.引导的条件状语从句,后面省略了I should need it.

　　2. The WTO can't live up to its name _________ it doesn't include a country that is home to one fifth of man-kind.

　　A.as long as       B.while         C.if        D.even though

　　解析:答案为C.本题考查状语从句的用法.句意为"假如世贸组织不包括占世界人口五分之一的中国的话,那它就名不副实".as long as语气过于强烈,while和even though不符合句意.

　　3、Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up_________I could answer the phone.

　　A.as           B.since         C.before        D.until

　　解析:答案为C.题意为:半夜里有人打来电话,我没来得及就挂了.but暗示在接话前就挂了. 1

　　（一）被动语态的概念:

　　不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态.强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态（by短语有时可以省略）.

　　（二）被动语态的构成方式:

　　be + 过去分词,口语只也有用get / become + 过去分词表示.

　　（三）被动语态的基本用法:

　　（1）使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题.

　　①主动变化被动时双宾语的变化.看下列例句.

　　My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.

　　An interesting book was given to me（by my friend）on my birthday.

　　I was given an interesting book （by my friend）on my birthday.

　　②主动变被动时,宾补成主补（位置不变）;（作补语的）不定式前需加to.

　　The boss made him work all day long.

　　He was made to work all day long（by the boss）

　　③短语动词变被动语态时,勿要掉"尾巴".

　　The children were taken good care of （by her）.

　　Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.

　　④情态动词和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等结构变被动语态,   只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be +过去分词.

　　⑤当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时,被动语态有两种形式:（A）谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主补.（B）用it作形式主语,真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示.如:

　　People say he is a smart boy.

　　It is said that he is a smart boy.

　　He is said to be a smart boy.

　　People know paper was made in China first.

　　It is known that paper was made in China first.

　　Paper was known to be made in China first.

　　类似句型有:It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that …

　　（2）不能用被动语态的几种情况.

　　①所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中.

　　②表示状态的谓语动词,如:last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等.

　　③表示归属的动词,如have、own、belong to等.

　　④表示"希望、意图"的动词,如:wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等.

　　⑤宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态,不能用被动语态.

　　⑥宾语是同源宾语,不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态.

　　⑦有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义,特别是当主语是物时,常见的动词有sell、write、wash、open、lock等.

　　（3）主动形式表被动意义.

　　①当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时;当cut、read、sell、wear、write等词带状语修饰语时;当动词表示"开始、结束、关、停、转、启动"等意义时.

　　This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布易洗.

　　These novels won't sell well.这些小说不畅销.

　　My pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔写起来很流畅.

　　The door won't lock.门锁不上.

　　The fish smells good.鱼闻起来香.

　　②当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词表示"发生、关闭、制定"等意思时.

　　The plan worked out successfully.

　　The lamps on the wall turn off.

　　③want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义.

　　④be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义.

　　⑤在"be + 形容词 + to do"中,不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语,用主动代被动.

　　This kind of water isn't fit to drink.

　　The girl isn't easy to get along with.

　　另外:be to blame（受谴责）,be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动.

　　（4）被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况.

　　①be seated坐着

　　He is seated on a bench.（He seats himself on a bench.）坐在凳子上.

　　②be hidden躲藏

　　He was hidden behind the door.（He hid himself behind the door.）他藏在门后.

　　③be lost迷路

　　④be drunk喝醉

　　⑤be dressed穿着

　　The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.

　　（5）被动语态与系表结构的区别

　　被动语态强调动作;系表结构表主语的特点或状态.如:

　　The book was sold by a certain bookstore.（被动语态）

　　The book is well sold.（系表结构）

　　1. "Do you like the material?" "Yes, it _____ very soft."

　　A. is feeling           B. felt    C. feels          D. is felt

　　【解析】此题正确答案为C,因为 feel 在此为连系动词,而连系动词均为不及物动词,不能用于被动语态,尽管有时其汉语意思有被动意味.

　　2. He was angry _____ your work. He said that he _____ at all.

　　A. at, didn't satisfy             B. to, didn't satisfy

　　C. at, wasn't satisfied          D. to, wasn't satisfied

　　【解析】最佳答案为C. be angry at （about） sth 意为"对某事生气",许多同学常按汉语意思将其中的介词 at （about） 换成 to,这是错误的.另外,许多同学将汉语的"不满意"直译为 not satisfy,这是是不对的,因为,satisfy在现代英语中只用作及物动词,其意不是"满意"而是"使（人）满意",所以其后不能没有宾语,除非本身是被动语态（或是系表结构）.

　　3. If you want to sell your product you must _____ it.

　　A. advertise                  B. advertise for    C. advertise on               D. advertise to

　　【解析】事实上,正确答案为A.  advertise 可用作及物和不及物动词:用作及物动词时,其意为"为……做广告"、"登广告宣传";用作不及物动词时,其意为"做广告"、"登广告",此时通常后接介词 for,表示"做广告征求".比较:

　　advertise for sth （sb） 登广告征求或寻找某物或某人 （此时 advertise 不及物）

　　advertise sth 为……登广告,登广告宣传……（此时 advertise 是及物动词,其后要直接跟被宣传的东西作宾语）

　　People advertise things that they wish to sell. 人们为要卖的东西登广告.

　　The manager wants to advertise for a new secretary. 经理想登广告招聘一位新秘书.

　　再比较以下用例:

　　advertise jobs 登广告招人

　　advertise for jobs 登广告求职

　　4. "I love traveling. I hope to go with you this time." "But does your mother _____ you to go?"

　　A. let          B. agree  C. allow        D. promise

　　【解析】最佳答案为C. 不能选A是因为 let 后用作宾语补足语的不定式不能带 to;不能选B是因为动词 agree 习惯上不用于 agree sb to do sth 这一句式;不能选D是因为在 promise sb to do sth 这一句式中,to do sth 的逻辑主语是 promise 的主语而不其是宾语,比如 He promised me to go 的意思是"他答应我,他去",而不是"他答应我让我去".之所以能选C,是因为 allow sb to do sth（允许某人做某事）与上文语境刚好吻合.

　　5. "Do your parents agree to your doing that?" "Yes, of course. In fact, they always ______ me to try something new."

　　A. hope          B. suggest C. support       D. encourage

　　【解析】此题的正解答案是D. 因为在以上四个选项中,只有encourage 可后接不定式的复合结构作宾语,即可用于 encourage sb to do sth,而其余三者均不可后接不定式的复合结构作宾语,即英语中习惯上不说 hope sb to do sth, suggest sb to do sth, support sb to do sth.